La vediamo ogni giorno… nella fondina di poliziotti e carabinieri o, spesso, in mano al divo di turno in qualche film d’azione: è la pistola Beretta 92FS. Quest’arma è l’ultimo stadio dell’evoluzione di una delle pistole più usate da eserciti e forze di polizia di tutto il mondo dal secondo conflitto mondiale.
L’idea di quest’arma nasce infatti nel 1940 quando la Beretta iniziò a mettere a punto una pistola le cui caratteristiche permettessero di utilizzare in tutta sicurezza il potente munizionamento calibro 9mm Parabellum. Il primo esemplare, il modello “951” originariamente fu concepito per essere costruito in Ergal, una lega di alluminio usata in aeronautica. Successivamente all’Ergal fu sostituito il più robusto acciaio e nasce così la “951 Brigadiere”, che entrò in produzione nel 1955, e che deve essere considerata la vera e propria progenitrice delle moderne pistole Beretta serie 92. La pistola, giudicata già ottima per l’epoca, fu adottata dalle Forze Armate Italiane, dai corpi di Polizia e Carabinieri, nonché da vari eserciti del mondo.
L’evoluzione del modello 951, agli inizi degli anni ’70, fu il modello “92”, dotato di un moderno grilletto a doppia azione e di un caricatore di più grande capacità contenente ben 15 proiettili in calibro 9 mm parabellum disposti su due file sfalsate (caricatore bifilare). La nuova pistola modello 92 riprendeva la prima concezione della 951, ovvero un leggero fusto in Ergal; in questo modello inoltre la sicura permetteva di portare l’arma in “condizione uno” di sicurezza, ovvero con il cane armato e la sicura inserita.
Nel 1975 la Beretta 92 partecipò alle gare indette dal governo americano per adottare un’arma d’ordinanza che sparasse il proiettile ufficialmente adottato dalla NATO, il 9 mm Parabellum o Luger. A seguito delle prove fatte dal JSSAP americano la Beretta modello 92 fu modificata seguendo le indicazioni dei militari USA e il modello che ne seguì venne denominato “92S”. Nel 1977, quando il modello 92S fu portato a termine, per partecipare alle nuove prove dell’esercito americano, in Italia Polizia, Carabinieri e Guardia di Finanza la giudicarono già eccellente acquistandone una consistente quantità.
Nel 1978 l’aviazione americana indisse la propria gara per adottare una nuova pistola in calibro 9×19 mm, e, l’anno successivo, la Beretta partecipò con una versione ancora leggermente modificata della 92; il modello 92 S-1. Per questa variante le modifiche riguardarono il pulsante di sgancio del caricatore, la leva della sicura, concepiti per essere utilizzati agevolmente dai tiratori mancini, ed un ulteriore sistema di sicurezza. Da questo momento in poi al centro delle guancette zigrinate troviamo in bella mostra lo stemma della Beretta.
Questo nuovo modello fu denominato “92 SB” e nel 1980 fu adottato da Polizia e Carabinieri in sostituzione dei modelli 92 S precedentemente acquistati; per l’ottimo risultato ottenuto nelle prove americane la pistola fu acquistata da molti corpi di polizia degli USA.
Negli anni seguenti vediamo la nascita di altre versioni della 92SB come la “Compact”, la 92 SB Compact Type M; con questi modelli la Beretta entrò nel mercato civile italiano, che proibisce il calibro 9mm Parabellum considerato munizionamento da guerra, poiché utilizzavano il calibro 7,65 Parabellum. Nel 1983 la Beretta rivede ancora una volta il progetto per adeguarlo ai progressi compiuti nel JSAAP americano e crea il modello 92 SB-F, che diventerà in seguito semplicemente “92 F”. L’arma assunse la caratteristica finitura esterna, che passò dalla classica nera lucida a una speciale parcherizzazione opaca, chiamata “Bruniton”.
La Beretta 92 F e la tedesca Sig-Sauer P226 si classificarono pari merito, superando pienamente tutti i test a cui furono sottoposte ma nel gennaio 1985, “Beretta 92 F” diventò la nuova pistola di ordinanza dell’esercito americano, con il nome di “M9” nonostante le critiche mosse a riguardo da alcuni politici americani a cui non piacque il fatto che un’arma italiana fosse risultata superiore a quelle statunitensi. Intanto a Gardone continuava la produzione della 92F, e delle altre versioni nonché delle corrispondenti versioni “98” per il mercato civile italiano, le quali sostituirono il calibro 7,65 Para per il più performante 9×21 IMI, del tutto equivalente al 9×19 Nato.
Nel 1988 fu indetta una prima competizione per la XM10, ma, tutte le pistole che parteciparono furono scartate in quanto non adatte a sostituire la M9. Sempre nello stesso anno la produzione di M9 fu temporaneamente sospesa per risolvere un raro problema al carrello riscontrato in pochissimi esemplari. Nel 1989, risolto il problema con una ulteriore modifica, la denominazione commerciale della pistola diventò l’odierna 92FS.
Nel frattempo l’ultima versione dell’arma aveva vinto anche le prove XM-10, battendo Smith&Wesson e Sturm Ruger, mantenendo la denominazione “M9”.
Le Beretta serie 92 vengono oggi prodotte in una molteplice varietà di calibri e versioni (anche da divertimento a CO2) a seconda delle varianti espressamente richieste dai governi acquirenti e si confermano, dopo più di mezzo secolo, le pistole militari più utilizzate e famose del mondo.
ciro 22 Febbraio 2015 il 22:06
Posseggo la beretta co2….sono in attesa del porto d’armi e vorrei acquistare la beretta 92 fs 9×21…
Adatta x ti sportivo…?..quanto costa?.??
Salvo 3 Marzo 2015 il 01:34
Ciao, sono ormai 17 anni di passione per le armi corte, ho avuto oltre 15 berretta e sono sempre stato molto scettico su altre case costruttrici, da quando ho comprato una Glock, non cambierei mai più la mia pistola con una Beretta, i miei sono giudizi fondati sull’utilizzo frequente in poligono
Gianni 11 Marzo 2016 il 13:49
Sbagli alla grande ,la beretta 92 e’ la numero uno tu ne hai avute 15 io ne ho avute 120 taurus smith ,glock ,tanfoglio tutte ottime ma la 92 beretta le suona a tutte come precisione ricarica affidabilita’ e robustezza.
file encryption 29 Dicembre 2016 il 14:26
thank your article
file encryption https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ToRxHWeyVIk
Sabrina 8 Febbraio 2018 il 18:48
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